The historical development of the nursing profession in our country

Florence Nightingale's recognition of the world and the reasons for being a pioneer in the nursing profession, the health and care service during the Crimean War and mortality rates from 42% to 2% and injured in Istanbul Selimiye Barracks The Turkish, British and French soldiers to serve the same kindness and sacrifice without distinction.

Prior to this, adult women in 1843, two-year midterm education was initiated by the Master Apprentice method, and in 1845 a group of men with two-year courses in a corner of medical school in Istanbul These medical officers, called small surgeons, are the pioneers of public health nurses.

Despite the compelling developments in the field of health, the opening of the health institutions of the beds, the absence of educated and knowledgeable staff who will look at the patients in spite of the progress of Turkish medicine has guided some of our physicians to work on this issue.

In 1907, Dr. Besim Ömer Pasha and Dr. Nihat Reşat Belger, who participated as Turkish delegate to the Washington Congress of the Red Cross in London, met with Florence Nightingale and observed that nursing was a profession and was leaving the branches and homeland on their return, Besim Ömer Pasha warned the Red Crescent Society (Hilal-I Ahmer) that the country's need for nursing profession expressed its necessity and stated that it is mandatory to open a nurse school. Thus, for the first time in 1911 by the Hilal-I Ahmer society, a volunteer patient care course was opened for 6 months at the hospital in Kadırga district of Istanbul and Prof. Dr. Besim Ömer Akalın gave the first course in this course.

The girls of the well-known families participated in these courses. Turkish ladies such as Safiye Hussein (Elbi), Kerime Salahar, Münire Ismail who finished the courses; For the first time in 1912, the Balkan Wars voluntarily participated in the maintenance of wounded soldiers, and the Turkish woman began to work in hospitals.

In 1920, the Admiral Bristol Health Vocational High school was opened under the name of the Hastabakıcı Dershanesi and opened in the same years the American hospital was the practice place of the school and opened by Americans in order to serve the Americans. The training period was initially 2 years and 6 months, and in 1929, it was removed to 3 years, and in 1954, 4 years and was approved by the Ministry of Education and gained the recognition of health vocational school

The first nurse school opened in the Republican period was the Kizilay Nurse School opened in Istanbul and the Kazasker Ali Bey mansion in the Aksaray district of Istanbul was brought into school and the trainings began in 21.02.1925 history. Prof. Dr Besim Ömer Akalın has contributed greatly to the opening of this school. The Directorate of Kizilay Nurse School is also brought to the chief of Gureba Hospital, Dr. Ömer Lütfü Eti. The training period is two years and three months is the admission requirements of this school, the literacy, the good morality and the body is to be intact. The school was free, and in 1936, secondary school graduates were taken to this school, and the training period was increased to three years and to four years in 1958. Kızılay Nursing High School was completely closed in 2004-2005 courses.
In 1933, the "Society of Turkish Hastanners" was established by volunteer nurses in Istanbul, and the developments in nursing with the Republic and the efforts of nurses who had been nursing trained as a formal reworked in 1943. The Turkish Nurses Association. Nowadays, Turkish Nurses Association has branches in many provinces. On 13 June 1949, he became a member of the International Council of Nurses (ICN).

In 1939, the first military nurse school was opened in Ankara, depending on the Ministry of National Defense. However, due to monetary difficulties, it was closed in 1947 and students were transferred to Kızılay Nursing school. In 1972-73, the nursing school was opened in Gülhane Military Medical Academy.

In 1943, during the first opening of the nursing school, which was opened in Istanbul Erenköy with the aim of raising tuberculosis nurses, the teaching period was 2 years later and the teaching period was established by connecting to the social insurance institution and the name was removed to 4 years Health Vocational High School.

In 1946, a nurse-laborant school was opened at the Ministry of Health at Haydarpaşa Numune Hospital, Şişli Children's Hospital in 1947. Health College was opened in 1949 from Ankara, 1952 to 1976 in Izmir, Erzurum, Trabzon, Sivas and many other provinces. In these health colleges, nurses, laborants and midwives were trained according to the purpose of their opening. The teaching period of these schools, which are based on secondary school and 3 years, has been increased to 4 years in 1958.

Graduate nurses were opened in 1952 with the help of the World Health Organization and the Nurse Tekamül course is aimed at strengthening the manners, knowledge and skills in these courses and to maximize the training of the nurses, executive nurses and public health Nurses are bred.

Outside the Ministry of Health also some universities have opened nurse colleges to meet their needs.
In 1968, the Institute of Health Education was opened and called Gevher Nesibe. The purpose of the establishment of this institute is to increase the knowledge of nurses, to improve their views, to make them grow as teachers and managers, to specialize in a special branch of nursing and to increase the number of well-educated staff in the profession. has been. After the opening of the health colleges, training is hereby given.

After 1976, all health colleges were 4 years after secondary school and were named as health Vocational High school.
The First School of Nursing opened at the university level in our country is Ege University School of Nursing in 1955. Following the opening of this university,the Gülhane Military Medical Academy was opened in 1961 to train Hacettepe in Ankara, Florence Nightingale in Istanbul, Atatürk and Cumhuriyet universities in 1982 and the “successful military high nurse" in 1985. In the following years, Marmara, Dokuz Eylül, Gazi universities, Foundation universities have opened High Schools of Nursing and today Nursing Education is given at the highest level in many universities.    The education period of Nursing Schools is 4 years and the graduates are given a" Bachelor's degree in nursing " degree.

In 1985, Health Services Vocational schools were opened within the universities and schools providing education for 2 years were opened under the name of Associate Degree Program.
In 1991, Anadolu University Open Education Faculty Nursing Associate Degree Program was opened as a program for graduates of health vocational high school.

In 1996, by the decision of the Council of Ministers (official gazette: 2.11.1996/22805), it was decided to open Health schools, health vocational high schools, health services vocational schools, Anadolu University Open Education faculty, nursing, midwifery and Health Officer program was terminated with the protocol between the Ministry of Health and Higher Education Institution
Graduate and doctoral level education in our country for the first time in Hacettepe University in 1968 graduate and 1972 doctoral programs were opened and started. Master's and doctoral programs are conducted in eight departments in nursing, and today, many universities have opened Master's and doctoral programs.

From these dates, science expertise (Msc) and doctor (PhD) titles began to be given in the profession. The title of the first professor in 1978, Hacettepe School of Nursing Eren Kum teacher was named..
Ph. D. programs are conducted at Hacettepe University, Ege University, Istanbul University Florence Nightingale, Marmara University, Atatürk University, Gulhane Military Medical Academy High School of Nursing and many other universities.
 I respectfully commemorate our nurses who worked for our entire profession and our teachers who worked for the education of our nurses.